Practice Update – January/February 2024

Lowe Lippmann Chartered Accountants

Government announces changes to proposed 'Stage 3' tax cuts


Despite previous assurances, and after much speculation, the Government has announced tweaks to the 'Stage 3' tax cuts that will apply from 1 July 2024.


More particularly, the Government proposes to:

  • reduce the 19% tax rate to 16%;
  • reduce the 32.5% tax rate to 30% for incomes between $45,000 and a new $135,000 threshold;
  • increase the threshold at which the 37% tax rate applies from $120,000 to $135,000; and
  • increase the threshold at which the 45% tax rate applies from $180,000 to $190,000.


The Medicare levy low-income thresholds for the 2024 income year will also be increased.


We recently released a Tax Alert on this topic, to see full details click here.


Changes in reporting requirements for sporting clubs


Not-for-profits (NFPs), including sporting clubs, societies and associations with an active ABN, need to lodge an annual NFP self-review return to continue accessing their income tax exemption.


The main purpose of a sporting organisation must be the encouragement of a game, sport or animal racing.  Any other purpose of the organisation must be incidental, ancillary or secondary.


The organisation's governing documents will help identify the purpose for which it was set up, and the organisation's activities in the year of income must then demonstrate that the main purpose is the encouragement of its game, sport or animal racing.


NFP organisations need to lodge their first NFP self-review return for the 2024 income year between 1 July and 31 October 2024. 


NFP organisations with their own ABN need to complete their own NFP self-review return even if they are affiliated with a broader sporting group.


If an NFP organisation does not lodge the return, they may become ineligible for an income tax exemption and penalties may apply.


Deductions denied for work-related expenses


The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) recently held that a taxpayer should not be allowed deductions for various work-related expenses, largely because the substantiation requirements had not been satisfied.


The taxpayer, a real estate salesperson, claimed tax deductions for the 2018 to 2020 income years, during which time he derived income from his employment with a real estate company.


However, the ATO disallowed the taxpayer's claims for various work-related expenses, including car expenses, and gifts and donations.


The AAT agreed with the ATO, and held that the expenses claimed were not deductible and that the taxpayer had failed to substantiate his claims.


The taxpayer had claimed deductions for car expenses using the logbook method, but the AAT noted that the car was owned by a company and was not leased to the taxpayer. Therefore, the car was not 'held' by the taxpayer, as required by the logbook method. The taxpayer's logbook also lacked "sufficient specificity" for this method.


While the taxpayer produced credit card statements and telephone tax invoices (in relation to credit card interest and telephone expenses), it was not clear from these documents whether the costs claimed related to work expenses.


The taxpayer sought to rely on bank transaction statements in relation to other expenses, but they were considered to be insufficient, as it was unclear from these statements what the relevant expense was, how the expense was incurred in earning the taxpayer's assessable income, and any apportionment between business and personal use. 


There were also no receipts or tax invoices for any of the claimed donations.


Sale of land subject to GST


The AAT recently held that the sale of land by a taxpayer was subject to GST, as it was a supply made in the course of an enterprise being carried on by the taxpayer.


The taxpayer purchased a single parcel of land in 2013 for $1.6 million, and he subsequently took steps for the land to be subdivided and rezoned. He then sold the land in 2021 for $4.25 million before the subdivision was completed.


The ATO advised the taxpayer that the sale of the land was subject to GST as a taxable supply under the GST Act.


The taxpayer objected to the GST assessment on the following grounds:

  • the sale of the property was not made by him in the course of his enterprise; and
  • as the property was the taxpayer's residential premises, it was an input taxed supply, so no GST should apply anyway.


However, the AAT agreed with the ATO that the sale of the property was subject to GST as a supply made in the course of the taxpayer's enterprise.


The AAT first noted that the sale of the property was not an input taxed supply of residential premises because the buildings on the property were uninhabitable, and so the property did not meet the definition of 'residential premises' in the GST Act.


The AAT also held that the taxpayer's development works were in "the form of a business", even if he was not in the business of being a property developer. Relevant factors included the scale of the operations that the taxpayer was involved in (including rezoning and subdividing the property), as well as the amount of capital invested by him in the purchase of the property and development works.


The taxpayer's "series of activities" throughout his ownership of the property therefore amounted to the carrying on of an enterprise, and the taxpayer was liable to pay GST on the sale of the property.


Melbourne man sentenced to jail for attempting to defraud the ATO


A Wheelers Hill man was recently sentenced to three years and six months imprisonment for defrauding the ATO of nearly $35,000 and attempting to defraud the ATO of a further $458,000, following a joint investigation by the Australian Federal Police (AFP) and ATO's serious financial crime taskforce.



The investigation began in June 2020, after the ATO linked the man to a number of suspicious claims, including 40 fraudulent applications for JobKeeper.


The sentence is "a warning to criminals who seek to exploit and steal from the Commonwealth and by extension, Australian taxpayers".


New ATO guidance on "who is an employee?"


The ATO recently issued a ruling which explains when an individual is an 'employee' of an entity for pay as you go (PAYG) withholding purposes.



A useful approach for establishing whether or not a worker is an employee of an engaging entity is to consider whether the worker is working in the business of the engaging entity, based on the construction of the terms of the relevant contract. Importantly, the fact that a worker may be conducting their own business, including having an ABN, is not determinative.



Please do not hesitate to contact your Lowe Lippmann Relationship Partner if you wish to discuss any of these matters further.

Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation


September 9, 2025
Costs incurred in acquiring / forming a business. Further to the recent blog about capitalisation of costs when acquiring an asset, we have received a number of questions in relation to costs incurred in setting up / purchasing a business. Formation costs on establishing a business: These costs would include: Incorporation fees ASIC registration fees Legal fees Business name registration Pre-operating costs Pre-opening costs. The relevant standard for these costs is AASB 138 Intangible Assets and paragraph 69a confirms that these start-up costs are expensed when incurred. There is no identifiable asset controlled by the entity when the costs are incurred as the entity does not exist. Business acquisition costs These costs would include: Legal and accounting fees Due diligence and valuation costs Stamp duty Advisory or brokerage fees Project management costs related to the acquisition Internal costs allocated to the transaction In contrast to the asset acquisition discussed previously, AASB 3 Business Combinations requires all acquisition costs to be expensed as incurred. This means that they are not included as part of the consideration paid and therefore do not affect calculated goodwill.  Entities purchasing businesses should be aware that these costs are not able to be capitalised as they can often be substantial, and purchasers often do not expect the costs to be taken directly to the income statement
September 8, 2025
ATO to include tax 'debts on hold' in taxpayer account balances From August 2025, the Australian Taxation Office ( ATO ) is progressively including 'debts on hold' in relevant taxpayer ATO account balances. A 'debt on hold' is an outstanding tax debt where the ATO has previously paused debt collection actions. Tax debts will generally be placed on hold where the ATO decides it is not cost effective to collect the debt at the time. The ATO is currently required by law to offset such 'debts on hold' against any refunds or credits the taxpayer is entitled to. The difficulty with these debts is that the ATO has not traditionally recorded them on taxpayer's ATO account balances. Taxpayers with 'debts on hold' of $100 or more will receive (or their tax agent will receive) a letter before it is added to their ATO account balance (which can be viewed in the ATO's online services or the statement of account). Taxpayers with a 'debt on hold' of less than $100 will not receive a letter, but the debt will be included in their ATO account balance. The ATO has advised it will remit the general interest charge ( GIC ) that is applied to 'debts on hold' for periods where they have not been included in account balances. This means that taxpayers have not been charged GIC for this period. The ATO will stop remitting GIC six months from the day the taxpayer's 'debt on hold' is included in their account balance. After this, GIC will start to apply.
August 26, 2025
How do we account for the costs incurred when acquiring an asset? When we acquire an asset such as property, plant and equipment, intangibles or inventory there are often significant other costs incurred as part of the purchase process, including delivery, stamp duty, installation fees. Whether we capitalise these to the value of the asset or expense them as incurred can make a significant difference to an entity’s reported position or performance. Since we have accounting standards for specific assets, the treatment can vary depending on the asset and the relevant standard. A summary of some common expenses and their treatment under four accounting standards has been included below. The four standards considered are: AASB 102 Inventories AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment AASB 138 Intangible Assets AASB 140 Investment Property.
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